两种小阴唇肥大缩小术的临床应用比较

目的探索改良边缘切除法、楔形切除法在小阴唇肥大缩小术中的临床应用效果。方法选取2017年9月-2019年9月在郑州大学第三附属医院行小阴唇肥大缩小术的47例双侧小阴唇肥大患者,根据小阴唇肥大的程度和小阴唇形态分型以及患者需求选择改良边缘切除法22例,楔形切除法25例。比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、切口愈合情况及手术满意度,采用女性性功能指数简表评分(FSFI-6量表)对患者的性生活情况进行评估。结果两组间手术时间比较显示边缘切除法手术时间较楔形切除法短(P<0.05),但两组间术中出血无明显差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后满意度均较高。两组患者术后性生活湿润度、满意度评分及总评分较术前提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的术前术后性欲望、性唤醒、性高潮频率方面表现无差异(P>0.05)。结论两种小阴唇肥大缩小术均可有效治疗小阴唇肥大,医生需结合患者小阴唇肥大类型和个人审美要求制定设计个性化的治疗方案。     

Cardiac Transitional Care Effectiveness: Does Overall Comorbidity Burden Matter?

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality and hospitalization in the United States. Transitional care initiatives can improve outcomes for cardiac patients, but it is unclear whether patients with different baseline comorbidity burden benefit equally. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Bridging the Discharge Gap Effectively (BRIDGE) program, a nurse-practitioner-led transitional care clinic, in mitigating adverse clinical outcomes in cardiac patients with varying Charlson comorbidity index (CCI).MethodsWe studied patients referred to BRIDGE between 2008 and 2017 postdischarge for a cardiac condition. Using proportional hazards regression models, we evaluated associations between attendance at BRIDGE and hospital readmission, emergency department (ED) visit, and a composite outcome consisting of readmission, ED visit, or mortality, and assessed interaction between BRIDGE attendance and CCI.ResultsOf 4559 patients, 3256 (71.4%) attended BRIDGE. In patients with low CCI, attendance at BRIDGE was inversely associated with hospital readmission (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69, 0.97, P = .02) and the composite endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.98, P = .02). Associations of BRIDGE attendance with both readmission and ED visit were significantly weaker in patients with high CCI (adjusted P, interaction = .007 and .03, respectively). Overall, BRIDGE attendance was associated with an 11% lower hazard of developing the composite endpoint (95% CI: 2%, 19%, P = .01).ConclusionsAttendance at a transitional care clinic is inversely associated with risk of readmission and a composite endpoint in cardiac patients with low CCI. Future research should investigate modified transitional care programs in patients with varying comorbidity burden.     

孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中期子宫-胎盘血流动力学的变化

目的探讨孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中期子宫-胎盘血流动力学及胎儿生长发育指标的变化。 方法回顾性选取2019年6月至2020年9月在唐都医院进行产前检查并行胎儿超声心动图检查的孕妇127例。依据孕前体质量指数（BMI）将孕妇分为正常对照组55例、超重组45例和肥胖组27例。对3组孕妇的一般资料、子宫-胎盘血流、胎儿生物学测量指标和大脑中动脉、脐动脉血流进行比较分析。 结果与正常组孕妇相比，超重组及肥胖组孕妇双侧子宫动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（Vs）、舒张期峰值血流速度（Vd）及搏动指数（PI）均升高，3组比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05），其中肥胖组孕妇双侧子宫动脉PI较超重组升高（P均＜0.05）。与正常组比较，肥胖组和超重组胎儿脐动脉游离段血流速度不同程度减低，3组比较差异均有统计学意义（Vs：F值=4.41，P=0.01；Vd：F值=4.03，P=0.02）；进一步两两比较，超重组与正常组Vd比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；肥胖组与正常组Vs比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中期子宫-胎盘循环血流动力学已经出现明显改变，应用超声实时监测这些参数变化对指导临床合理控制孕期体重，避免或减少相关并发症有潜在价值。     

功能性心肌血流指数评价缺血性冠心病可行性分析

目的:运用功能性心肌血流指数(MBFI)评价缺血性冠心病(ICAD)可行性分析。方法:回顾性分析冠心病疑似患者行冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)检查,同期接受有创冠状动脉造影(ICA)及导管法心肌血流储备分数(FFR)检查共81例患者,其中男性43例,女性38例,年龄(59.27±9.09)岁;计算MBFI;以FFR≤0.80为金标准,分别以四格表诊断试验确定MBFI与ICA的最佳切点值来判断ICAD;评价MBFI、ICA的ROC曲线特征及诊断准确度。结果:81例患者,CCTA扫描平均剂量为(3.06±1.22)mSv。MBFI、ICA最佳切点值分别为0.074、70%,25例患者FFR≤0.80。MBFI、ICA两者ROC曲线下面积分别为0.825、0.699(Z=2.024,P=0.0429),其敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为88.00%、80.35%、66.67%、93.75%和76.00%、51.79%、41.30%、82.86%,诊断准确度分别为82.72%、59.26%(χ2=10.753,P<0.01)。33例患者(40.74%,33/81)ICA狭窄程度为65%或70%,其中27例患者(81.82%,27/33)心肌不缺血,运用MBFI值大于0.074可明确23例患者心肌并不缺血(69.70%,23/33)。结论:MBFI属于功能性指标,可用于排查缺血性冠心病。     

Peroperative scoring systems for predicting the outcome of cytoreductive surgery in advanced-stage ovarian cancer – A systematic review

The extent of peritoneal metastases (PM) largely determines the possibility of complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer. An objective scoring system to quantify the extent of PM can help clinicians to decide whether or not to embark on CRS. Therefore several scoring systems have been developed by different research teams and this review summarizes their performance in predicting a complete or optimal cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. A systematic search in the MEDLINE database revealed 19 articles that described a total of five main scoring systems to predict the completeness of CRS in patients with FIGO stage III-IV ovarian cancer based on the surgical exploration of the abdominal cavity; PCI, PIV, Eisenkop, Espada, and Kasper. The Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and the Predictive Index Value (PIV) were mentioned most frequently and showed AUCs of 0.69–0.92 and 0.66–0.98, respectively. Due to the use of different cut-offs sensitivities and specificities greatly varied. Therefore with the current data, no scoring system could be identified as best. An objective measure of the extent of disease can be of great clinical use for identifying ovarian cancer patients for which a complete (or optimal) CRS is achievable, however due to local differences in treatment strategies and surgical policy a widely adopted objective scoring system with a standard cut-off value is not feasible. Nevertheless, objective scoring systems can play an important role to guide treatment decisions.     

The association of metabolic health obesity with incidence of carotid artery plaque in Chinese adults

Background and aimsWe aimed to evaluate the association between different obese phenotypes with carotid artery plaque (CAP) event.Method and resultsThe current retrospective cohort study was performed in 32,778 Chinese adults (19,221 men and 13,557 women, aged 41.9 ± 11.0 years). Obese phenotypes were assessed based on baseline body mass index (<24.0 vs. ≥24.0 kg/m²) and metabolic characteristics (health vs. unhealth). All the participants were further classified into four groups: metabolic health and normal weight (MHNW), metabolic unhealth and normal weight (MUHNW), metabolic health and overweight (MHO), and metabolic unhealth and overweight (MUHO). Ultrasound B-mode imaging was annually performed to evaluate CAP throughout the study. We have identified 2142 CAP cases during 5-year follow-up. Comparing with the MHNW group, the hazard ratios for the risk of incident CAP was 2.44 (95% CI:1.92 and 3.09) for the MUHNW group, 1.52 (95% CI:1.06 and 2.18) for the MHO group, and 1.8 (95% CI:1.4 and 2.33) for the MUHO group. The association was more pronounced in young adults (<65 y) than that in aged adults (≥65 y). Sensitivity analysis generated similar results with the main analysis.ConclusionMUHNW, MHO, and MUHO were associated with the risk of CAP.